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Classes and Objects in Python

Introduction
Setting Up Your Python Environment
Installing Python and PyCharm IDE Creating and Running Your First Python Program
Python Data Types
Numeric Types String Types Boolean Types None Type
Operators and Expressions
Arithmetic Operators Comparison Operators Logical Operators Bitwise Operators Assignment Operators Operator Precedence
Control Flow Statements
Conditional Statements Loops Break and Continue Statements Exception Handling
Functions and Modules
Defining and Calling Functions Function Arguments and Return Values Lambda Functions Modules and Packages
Python Data Structures
Lists Tuples Dictionaries Sets Arrays
ObjectOriented Programming in Python
Classes and Objects Attributes and Methods Inheritance and Polymorphism Abstract Classes and Interfaces
File Handling
Opening and Closing Files Reading and Writing Text Files Reading and Writing Binary Files CSV Files
Regular Expressions
Basic Regular Expressions and Metacharacters Anchors and Quantifiers Grouping and Capturing Lookarounds
Datetime and Timezones
Date and Time Objects Date and Time Formatting Timezone and Daylight Saving Time Handling
Debugging and Testing
Debugging Techniques Debugging Tools in PyCharm Unit Testing with PyTest
Web Scraping with Python
Requesting Data with urllib Parsing HTML with Beautiful Soup Extracting and Storing Data
Database Handling with Python
Connecting to Databases Performing CRUD Operations Database Access with ORM (ObjectRelational Mapping)
Introduction to Data Science with Python
NumPy Pandas Matplotlib ScikitLearn
GUI Programming with Python
Creating GUI Applications GUI Toolkits (Tkinter, PyQt, wxWidgets)
Network Programming with Python
Socket Programming Creating and Running a Simple Web Server Connecting to APIs
Best Practices and Tips
Python Coding Standards Code Organization Writing Efficient Code Tips and Tricks for Python Development
Conclusion and Next Steps.

Classes and Objects

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In Python, classes and objects are the building blocks of object-oriented programming. Classes encapsulate data and methods (functions) that act upon that data. When a class is created, it becomes a blueprint for creating new objects, which are instances of that class.

Here's an example of a Python class:

 
                    
class Car:
    def __init__(self, make, model, year):
        self.make = make
        self.model = model
        self.year = year
    
    def drive(self):
        print(f"The {self.make} {self.model} is driving.")

In this example, the class is called Car. It has three attributes: make, model, and year. These attributes are set using the __init__ method, which is called when a new object is created. The self parameter refers to the object being created.

The class also has one method, drive(), which prints a message indicating that the car is driving.

To create a new instance of the Car class, you would do something like this:

 
                    
my_car = Car("Honda", "Civic", 2020)

This creates a new object called my_car using the arguments "Honda", "Civic", and 2020 for the make, model, and year attributes, respectively.

You can then call the drive() method on the my_car object:

 
                    
my_car.drive()

This will print out the message "The Honda Civic is driving."

Object-oriented programming with classes and objects allows you to organize your code in a logical and modular way, making it easier to manage and extend as your program grows.

March 25, 2023

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